Brutalism

The <n>1:1</n> installation at the <n>Romanian Pavilion</n> for the 2010 <n>Venice Architecture Biennale</n>.

Brutalism, also known as Brutalist Architecture, is an architectural movement that branched off the Modernist movement during the 1950s. It began in the United Kingdom, where it was often used for rebuilding projects after World War II. Brutalism began to expand and develop internationally and reached its peak in the 1960s and 70s. It emerged as a reaction against the nostalgia of 1940s architecture.

Brutalist buildings are known for their their use of raw, exposed materials, especially unfinished concrete (béton brut in French), which is the namesake of the style. They often have a monumental and imposing appearance, with large, blocky shapes. Function is very important in Brutalist design, so the buildings are often minimalist, simple, and practical, without unnecessary decorations. 

The <n>Brutalist</n> <n>Andrew Melville Hall</n> in St Andrews, Scotland, designed by <n>James Stirling</n>. Photo by <n>Rory Duncan</n>.

The <n>Jewish Museum, Berlin</n>, designed by <n>Daniel Libeskind</n>, photographed by <n>Hélène Binet</n> in 1997.

The <n>House in Kamiwada</n>, designed by architect <n>Toyo Ito</n> in 1976.